Lazzaretto of Ancona

Nestled within the bustling port of Ancona, the Lazzaretto of Ancona, also known as Mole Vanvitelliana, stands as a testament to the ingenuity and resilience of 18th-century architecture. Designed by the renowned architect Luigi Vanvitelli, this impressive pentagonal structure sprawls over 20,000 square meters on an artificial island. Connected to the mainland by three bridges, the Lazzaretto of Ancona is a marvel of both form and function, offering a unique blend of history, architecture, and culture.

The History of the Lazzaretto of Ancona

The story of the Lazzaretto of Ancona begins in the early 18th century, a time when the port of Ancona was experiencing significant economic growth. In 1733, Pope Clement XII commissioned Luigi Vanvitelli to redesign the port, including the construction of a new quarantine station. The Lazzaretto was completed in 1743 and served multiple purposes: it was a quarantine station, a military fortification, and a warehouse for goods.

The Lazzaretto was strategically built on an artificial island to isolate individuals and goods arriving from regions affected by contagious diseases. This isolation was crucial in preventing the spread of epidemics, particularly the plague. The structure could accommodate up to 2,000 people and a large quantity of goods, making it an essential part of Ancona's health and trade infrastructure.

Architectural Features

One of the most striking features of the Lazzaretto of Ancona is its pentagonal shape, which is both aesthetically pleasing and symbolically significant. The number five, often associated with human power and creativity, is reflected in the building's design. The structure's geometric precision and symmetry are a testament to Vanvitelli's architectural prowess.

At the center of the Lazzaretto's courtyard stands the Tempietto di San Rocco, a small neoclassical chapel dedicated to St. Roch, the patron saint of plague victims. This chapel is open on all five sides, allowing those in quarantine to attend mass without coming into contact with others. The Tempietto is a masterpiece of design, featuring a coffered dome and a harmonious blend of Doric and Ionic elements.

The main entrance to the Lazzaretto is another architectural marvel. Made entirely of Istrian stone, the trapezoidal portal is characterized by its robust rustication, symbolizing the structure's dual role as a fortification and a place of isolation. The portal's design, inspired by Etruscan architecture, adds to the building's imposing presence.

The Lazzaretto of Ancona Through the Ages

Over the centuries, the Lazzaretto of Ancona has undergone numerous transformations, adapting to the changing needs of the city. During the Napoleonic Wars, it served as a military hospital and played a significant role during the Austrian siege of Ancona in 1799. In the 19th century, the building was repurposed as a sugar refinery and later as a tobacco warehouse.

During the two World Wars, the Lazzaretto once again took on a military role, housing troops and serving as a logistical hub. In 1947, it was converted into a storage facility for tobacco. Despite these changes, the structure has retained its architectural integrity, thanks to careful restoration efforts initiated by the municipality of Ancona in 1997.

Modern-Day Lazzaretto

Today, the Lazzaretto of Ancona is a vibrant cultural center, hosting temporary exhibitions, concerts, and other events. The building is also home to the Museo Tattile Omero, a unique museum that offers tactile experiences for the visually impaired. The museum's collection includes tactile reproductions of famous sculptures, allowing visitors to explore art through touch.

The Lazzaretto's transformation into a cultural hub has breathed new life into this historic monument, making it a focal point for both locals and tourists. The building's blend of history, architecture, and modern functionality offers a unique experience for visitors, providing insights into Ancona's rich past and dynamic present.

A Symbol of Resilience and Innovation

The Lazzaretto of Ancona stands as a symbol of resilience and innovation, reflecting the city's ability to adapt and thrive through the ages. Its strategic location, architectural brilliance, and multifaceted history make it an essential stop for anyone visiting Ancona. Whether you're a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or simply looking for a unique cultural experience, the Lazzaretto of Ancona offers something for everyone.

As you stroll through its corridors and courtyards, you'll be transported back in time, gaining a deeper appreciation for the ingenuity and foresight that went into creating this remarkable structure. The Lazzaretto of Ancona is not just a building; it's a living testament to the enduring spirit of a city that has weathered the storms of history and emerged stronger than ever.