De Kroon

In the heart of the vibrant Klarendal district in Arnhem, Netherlands, stands De Kroon, a historic windmill that has been a silent witness to the passage of time and a testament to human ingenuity. This round stone tower mill, originally built in 1849, has a rich history and continues to be a beloved landmark for both locals and visitors alike.

The History of De Kroon

De Kroon, initially named De Hoop, was commissioned by Albertus Burgers and constructed on the Amsterdamseweg. In 1870, the mill was relocated to its current position on Klarendalseweg, a move that marked the beginning of its long-standing relationship with the Klarendal neighborhood. The mill's primary function was to supply flour to the nearby Menno van Coehoorn barracks. However, when the barracks established their own milling operations, De Hoop faced economic challenges.

In 1900, the mill was acquired by the Reymers brothers, who revitalized the business and renamed it De Kroon. Despite facing economic difficulties during the 1930s and the collapse of the gallery in 1933, the mill underwent restoration in 1936. Nevertheless, the advent of electric mills posed a significant threat to its operations.

Post-World War II, De Kroon was equipped with new wings, and Bram Reymes took over as the miller. Yet, the rise of motorized milling led to the mill’s decline, and by 1962, it was no longer operational. The mill's wings were removed in 1964, and it seemed that De Kroon's days were numbered. However, the Stichting Vrienden van de Gelderse Molen (Friends of the Gelderland Mill Foundation) stepped in, purchasing the mill for a symbolic one guilder in 1974 and initiating a restoration project in 1976.

In 1997, De Kroon underwent another restoration but was struck by a fire in 1998, necessitating further repairs. By the summer of 1999, the mill was fully restored and resumed its milling activities, once again becoming a cherished part of the community.

Exploring De Kroon

Visitors to De Kroon are greeted by a towering structure that leans slightly off-vertical, a testament to its age and the numerous restorations it has undergone. The mill's cap is covered with oak shingles, adding to its rustic charm. Inside, the mill boasts an impressive array of milling equipment, including four pairs of millstones, each with its own unique history and purpose.

The millstones include a pair of 17der (150 cm diameter) Bentheimer sandstone stones, a pair of 16der (140 cm diameter) artificial stones, a pair of 16der blue stones, and an electrically powered pair of 12der (100 cm diameter) artificial stones. The blue stones are equipped with a governor, while the Bentheimer stones have a wooden stone case, and the others have iron cases.

The mill's internal workings are a marvel of engineering, with a cast iron upper shaft dating back to 1997 and cast by the Hardinxveld foundry. The mill was originally equipped with a Dutch-style winding mechanism, which was replaced by an English winding mechanism in 1997. The mill's 23-meter-long wings are fitted with double airfoil blades and brake flaps, which are manually operated using a chain mechanism that extends from the cap to the ground floor.

The Mill's Modern-Day Role

Today, De Kroon is open to the public on Fridays and Saturdays, offering visitors a glimpse into the world of traditional milling. The adjacent shop sells a variety of flour and grain products, baking supplies, and books, making it a haven for baking enthusiasts. Aspiring millers can also gain practical experience at De Kroon, working towards certification from the De Hollandsche Molen association. Additionally, the mill hosts theory evenings for trainee millers in the former horse stable on the third Wednesday of each month.

De Kroon is not just a historical monument; it is a living, breathing part of the community. Its story is one of resilience and adaptation, reflecting the spirit of Arnhem and its people. Whether you are a history buff, a baking enthusiast, or simply looking for a unique experience, a visit to De Kroon is sure to be a highlight of your trip to Arnhem.

Conclusion

De Kroon stands as a proud symbol of Arnhem's rich heritage, offering visitors a unique opportunity to step back in time and witness the art of traditional milling. Its towering presence and intricate machinery are a testament to the ingenuity and perseverance of those who have worked to preserve it over the centuries. As you explore this historic windmill, you will be transported to a bygone era, gaining a deeper appreciation for the craftsmanship and dedication that have kept De Kroon standing strong for over 170 years.

So, whether you are exploring the charming streets of Klarendal or delving into Arnhem's history, make sure to include a visit to De Kroon on your itinerary. This iconic windmill is more than just a relic of the past; it is a vibrant part of the community, continuing to inspire and educate all who pass through its doors.