Synagoge

In the heart of Arnhem, nestled amidst the vibrant streets, stands a testament to the rich tapestry of Jewish history in the Netherlands: the Synagogue of Arnhem. This magnificent structure, located at Pastoorstraat 17A, is a captivating blend of architectural styles and historical significance, inviting visitors to explore its storied past and cultural heritage.

The Architecture of the Synagogue

The Synagogue of Arnhem is a striking example of eclectic architecture, a style characterized by its harmonious blend of neoclassicism and neo-Gothic elements. This freestanding building, set back from the street and enclosed by an elegant wrought-iron fence, commands attention with its unique façade. The front of the synagogue is divided into five sections, each separated by sturdy buttresses, and adorned with a Hebrew inscription from Isaiah 56:7, a poignant reminder of its spiritual significance.

Inside, the synagogue boasts a central nave flanked by galleries on either side. The roof is supported by octagonal columns, creating a sense of grandeur and openness. The centerpiece of the interior is the Heilige Arke, a monumental ark with neoclassical forms dating back to 1853, which adds a touch of historical elegance to the sacred space.

A Journey Through Time

The history of the Jewish community in Arnhem dates back to as early as 1237. However, due to persecution and limited rights throughout the Middle Ages, establishing a dedicated place of worship was a challenge. It wasn't until 1769 that a house on Nieuwe Walstraat was used as a synagogue, later moving to a larger space behind Velperpoortsmuur in 1782. The French Revolution brought about significant changes, granting Jews equal rights in 1796 and allowing them to establish a synagogue in three old houses at the corner of Bentincksteeg and Kerkstraat by 1799.

As the Jewish community grew, so did the need for a larger synagogue. After much deliberation and fundraising, a new site was acquired on Pastoorstraat, the birthplace of Jonas Daniël Meijer, a prominent figure in Dutch Jewish history. Construction of the new synagogue commenced in 1852, and it was officially opened in August 1853, designed by the city's architect, Hendrik Jan Heuvelink Sr.

Trials and Resilience During World War II

On the eve of World War II, the Jewish community in Arnhem numbered around 1,700, bolstered by refugees fleeing Nazi Germany. Sadly, the synagogue faced significant challenges during the war. On two occasions, in 1940 and 1941, attempts were made to set the synagogue ablaze. Tragically, many of Arnhem's Jewish residents were deported to concentration camps, where they perished. In their memory, a monument stands at the Moscowa Cemetery in Arnhem.

Restoration and Renewal

Post-war, the Jewish community was significantly diminished, and the synagogue required extensive restoration. With financial support from fundraising efforts and government claims, renovations were undertaken by architect Jac. S. Baars, and the synagogue reopened in December 1950. Despite the reduced community size, the synagogue continued to serve as a spiritual home, undergoing further renovations in 1967 and again in the early 2000s, thanks to the efforts of the Arnhem Synagogue Foundation.

A Cultural Landmark

In 1974, the synagogue was designated a national monument, recognizing its cultural and historical importance. The building has not only served as a place of worship but also as an inspiration for artists and writers. Notably, the Dutch author Siegfried van Praag wrote evocatively about the synagogue and its role in the post-war rebuilding of the Jewish community. The naïve painter Peter Mattheij, who grew up across from the synagogue, often featured it in his nostalgic works, capturing its enduring presence in the cultural landscape of Arnhem.

Today, the Synagogue of Arnhem stands as a symbol of resilience and heritage. Visitors are drawn to its architectural beauty and the poignant stories encapsulated within its walls. As you explore this historic site, you are not just witnessing a piece of architectural history but also stepping into a narrative that spans centuries of faith, struggle, and renewal. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, the Synagogue of Arnhem offers an enriching experience that resonates with the enduring spirit of the Jewish community in the Netherlands.