Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-en-Sint-Leodegariuskerk

The Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-en-Sint-Leodegariuskerk, nestled in the heart of Bornem, Belgium, is a captivating blend of historical depth and architectural splendor. This church, which has stood the test of time, offers a fascinating journey through centuries of religious and cultural evolution, making it a must-visit for history enthusiasts and casual tourists alike.

The History of Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-en-Sint-Leodegariuskerk

The roots of the Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-en-Sint-Leodegariuskerk trace back to the 9th century, when the parish of Bornem was first mentioned. It is believed that a place of worship existed on this site as early as the 11th century, which was later demolished. By 1101, a church was established here, closely linked to the abbey of regular canons of St. Augustine. The 12th century saw the construction of a Romanesque-style church, characterized by a pillar basilica in the shape of a Latin cross. This early church, however, was not without its trials; it partially burned down in 1164.

Throughout the centuries, the church underwent numerous transformations. In 1253, a wall was erected near the communion rail to create a separation, which was later removed in 1603. The Romanesque church saw significant changes in 1828 when most of it was demolished, leaving only the outer walls of the choir, the eastern lower walls of the side choirs, and the Romanesque crypt. The church was then rebuilt in a late-classicist style, designed by Vuillaume, and expanded to include a three-aisled nave. Subsequent renovations included major works on the tower in 1864-1865, the crypt in 1891-1892, and interior modifications in 1910-1912 under the direction of Edward Careels. The 20th century brought further restorations, ensuring the church's preservation for future generations.

The Tower

The tower of the Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-en-Sint-Leodegariuskerk is a striking feature, originally built from white sandstone. The lower section of the tower, dating back to the 12th century, remains intact and showcases early Gothic architecture with its pointed arch portal and window. The rose window above the portal, a later addition from 1864-1865, adds to the tower's charm. During this period, the original spire was replaced with a more slender design by architect Joseph Schadde. The tower underwent restoration once again in 1993, preserving its historical and architectural integrity.

The Crypt

One of the most intriguing aspects of the church is its Romanesque crypt, also known as Onze-Lieve-Vrouw van de Krocht. This underground chapel, dedicated to Our Lady, dates back to the late 11th century and has been a pilgrimage site since 1252. The crypt is a small, vaulted space measuring 7.25 by 6.80 meters, supported by four robust columns made of Tournai stone. Despite the turmoil of the 16th century, including the loss of the original statue of Our Lady of the Crypt, a new statue was crafted in 1594 by Maarten van Calster. This polychrome limewood statue, restored in 1973, depicts Our Lady holding a silver dove, symbolizing a miraculous event during a flood in 1551.

The crypt's walls feature four stained glass windows from 1858 by J.F. Pluys, adding a touch of color to the sacred space. The altar, dating from the late 19th century, is made of white stone and adorned with four neo-Romanesque columns. The crypt underwent a full restoration in 1891-1892 and again in 1988, ensuring its continued reverence and beauty.

The Tomb of Pedro Coloma

Within the crypt lies a side niche housing the marble tomb of Pedro Coloma, Lord of Bornem and founder of the Saint Bernard Abbey, who died in 1621. This tomb, featuring copper inlays and resting on four sculpted lions, was originally located in the center of the crypt but was moved to the baptismal chapel in 1934. In 1948, a smaller crypt was discovered, adapted to house the tomb. Adjacent to the tomb is the gravestone of Joanna Lescuyer, Pedro Coloma's wife. Behind the tomb stands a cross with the head of a damaged Christ figure, sculpted by Wouter Pompe in 1768, which was previously part of a large cross on the Kruisberg and was damaged during the Farmers' War in 1798.

The Interior

The interior of the Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-en-Sint-Leodegariuskerk is a treasure trove of art and history. The altar, crafted by Willem Ignatius Kerrickx in 1742, is a focal point. The church is adorned with paintings from the 17th and 18th centuries, including a depiction of Saint Leodegarius, the church's co-patron saint. Sculptures from various periods, including a 15th-century retable of the entombment, further enrich the church's artistic heritage. The 14 stained glass windows, dating from 1888, were donated by patrons who chose the saints depicted and had their names inscribed on the windows. Works by the sculptor Matthias Zens, including the communion rail and two confessionals, add to the church's historical and artistic significance.

The Rosary Mysteries Around the Church

In 1908, 15 mysteries of the Rosary were installed around the church, consisting of 14 polychrome terracotta reliefs in bluestone chapels and a Calvary. These sculptures, also by Matthias Zens, were restored in 2008, preserving this unique devotional path.

Protection and Preservation

Recognizing its historical and cultural importance, the crypt and the oldest parts of the Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-en-Sint-Leodegariuskerk were officially protected in 1935. In 1998, the entire church was designated as a protected monument, ensuring its preservation as part of Bornem's heritage.

The Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-en-Sint-Leodegariuskerk is not just a place of worship; it is a testament to the rich tapestry of history, art, and faith that has shaped Bornem over the centuries. A visit to this remarkable church offers a glimpse into the past and a deeper appreciation for the enduring legacy of this sacred site.