De Bolwerksmolen, nestled along the serene banks of the IJssel River in Deventer, is a striking testament to the Netherlands' rich heritage of windmills. This historic sawmill, with its towering sails and charming rustic architecture, offers visitors a glimpse into the past while continuing to play a role in the present.
The story of De Bolwerksmolen begins in 1863 when it was constructed by the Elfrink brothers. By 1865, the mill was operational, standing resilient through numerous challenges, including floods that swept through the region in 1883, 1920, and 1926. Remarkably, the mill's strategic location on a natural elevation meant that only the saw floor was temporarily submerged.
In 1911, a lightning strike threatened to destroy the mill, yet it survived unscathed. A decade later, the mill changed ownership, becoming part of the nearby Wilpsche Dijk steam sawmill. By 1927, wind-powered sawing ceased, and the mill fell into disrepair. However, its utility as a storage facility and the continued use of the mill pond for soaking timber ensured its preservation.
During World War II, De Bolwerksmolen faced another challenge. Allied bombings aimed at the nearby Wilhelminabrug and Deventer railway bridge resulted in several bombs landing perilously close. Yet, the mill stood firm, sustaining only minor shrapnel damage.
Post-war, the mill received much-needed attention. In 1950, the thatched roof was replaced, and in 1955, the storm-damaged sails were repaired using second-hand parts from the Kilsdonkse Molen. The mill also regained its gallery, which had been missing for some time.
The 1960s brought uncertainty as the municipality of Deventer acquired the mill, and plans for urban development threatened its existence. However, the tides turned in the early 1970s as interest in cultural heritage surged, leading to plans for restoration.
In 1973, a dedicated action committee raised funds, supplemented by subsidies, to restore the mill. By 1976, De Bolwerksmolen was reopened with great fanfare. The newly formed Stichting Bolwerksmolen took over its management, ensuring its continued operation and preservation.
In 1991, an electric motor was installed to drive the crankshaft, allowing the mill to saw wood even when the wind was insufficient. The early 21st century saw another significant restoration due to subsidence. The entire mill was dismantled, new foundations were laid, and it was meticulously rebuilt, with the sails spinning once again by 2007.
De Bolwerksmolen is a wooden octagonal smock mill with a distinctive square base and a saw shed. It features a slipway for pulling logs from the water, and its gallery sits at a height of 5.60 meters. The mill boasts three saw frames powered by both wind and an electric motor, with blades 60 cm long and frames 80 cm wide.
The mill’s impressive sails, crafted by the renowned Vaags millwright company in 2006, span over 22 meters. The iron upper shaft, cast in 1872, and the crankshaft, both integral to the mill's operation, highlight the blend of historical craftsmanship and modern engineering.
Visitors to De Bolwerksmolen can immerse themselves in the workings of this historical marvel. The mill’s intricate gear systems and the harmonious blend of wood and iron are a testament to the ingenuity of past generations. Guided tours offer insights into the mill's history and its role in the region's timber industry.
The picturesque surroundings of the mill, with the IJssel River flowing gently by, provide a tranquil setting for reflection and appreciation of the natural beauty that complements this architectural gem.
Today, De Bolwerksmolen stands not only as a monument to the past but as a vibrant part of the community. The Stichting Bolwerksmolen ensures its continued operation, allowing both locals and tourists to experience the magic of a working windmill.
In conclusion, De Bolwerksmolen is a captivating destination that offers a unique blend of history, engineering, and natural beauty. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an engineering aficionado, or simply a lover of serene landscapes, a visit to this remarkable mill promises an unforgettable experience.
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