St. Johann Baptist

St. Johann Baptist Church, a striking gothic hall church, stands proudly in the heart of Essen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany. This historic site, located along the bustling Kettwiger Straße, is not only a place of worship but also a testament to the city's rich history and architectural evolution.

The History of St. Johann Baptist Church

The origins of St. Johann Baptist Church date back to the 10th century when it began as a chapel dedicated to St. John the Baptist. The first mention of this chapel is found in the testament of Abbess Theophanu, who passed away in 1058. The church, originally a baptistery, has undergone numerous transformations over the centuries, reflecting the changing architectural styles and religious needs of the community.

In 1264, Abbess Berta von Arnsberg elevated the chapel to the status of a filial parish church of the Essen Abbey. The church served as a meeting place for the canons, who performed sacred rites for the abbey's women. The most significant transformation occurred in 1471 when the church was rebuilt as a gothic hall church, complete with a rectangular east choir. This period marked the beginning of the church's architectural splendor, which continued to evolve in the following centuries.

Baroque and Rococo Influences

From 1699 to 1768, St. Johann Baptist Church underwent a baroque transformation, acquiring new choir stalls, side altars, and a pulpit. In 1769, the baroque pulpit was replaced with a rococo-style pulpit, adding a touch of elegance to the church's interior. These additions showcased the artistic and cultural influences of the time, making the church a visual delight for visitors.

Restoration and Modern Use

The church was restored in 1887, and in 1968, it underwent further renovations and a new color scheme. The almost square floor plan of the building encompasses a structure of new spatial compartments, including two bays of a three-aisled late gothic hall, a square choir, and a southern side choir. The northern passage room with the organ gallery adds to the church's unique architectural charm. Today, St. Johann Baptist Church serves as a place of worship and adoration for the Catholic community in downtown Essen.

The Main Altar by Bartholomäus Bruyn the Elder

One of the most artistically significant features of St. Johann Baptist Church is its baroque main altar, originally a side altar of the Essen Minster. The altar includes four panels painted by Bartholomäus Bruyn the Elder between 1522 and 1525, depicting the life of Jesus. These paintings are considered masterpieces of Bruyn's work, showcasing his exceptional artistic talent.

The panels are double-sided, with the Crucifixion on the reverse side of the Nativity and the Deposition on the reverse side of the Adoration of the Magi. This arrangement means that only two paintings are visible at any given time. Notably, the background of the Deposition features a depiction of a central European city instead of Jerusalem, representing the oldest known image of the city of Essen, complete with the Steeler Gate and the old city wall.

The Bells of St. Johann Baptist Church

The church's bell ensemble consists of three bells, all cast in 1787. These bells were spared during the wartime bell requisitions of 1917 and 1940, preserving their historical and cultural significance. Each bell bears the inscription Henricus et Everhardus Petit me fuderunt anno 1787, indicating their creation by the Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock bell foundry in Gescher, which still operates today.

The bells, named St. Johannes Baptista and St. Johannes Evangelista, continue to ring in harmony with the bells of the Essen Minster, creating a melodious soundscape that resonates throughout the city.

Visiting St. Johann Baptist Church

A visit to St. Johann Baptist Church offers a journey through centuries of history, art, and architecture. As you step inside, you are greeted by the serene ambiance of the gothic hall, with its soaring ceilings and intricate details. The main altar, with its exquisite paintings, invites contemplation and admiration, while the church's bells provide a musical backdrop that enhances the overall experience.

Whether you are a history enthusiast, an art lover, or simply seeking a moment of tranquility, St. Johann Baptist Church in Essen is a must-visit destination. Its rich history, artistic treasures, and architectural beauty make it a jewel in the heart of the city, offering a glimpse into the past and a place for reflection in the present.