The Old Botanical Garden of Göttingen University, known locally as Alter Botanischer Garten, is a verdant oasis nestled in the heart of Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany. Spanning an impressive 4.5 hectares, this historic garden is a treasure trove of botanical wonders and a testament to centuries of scientific exploration and horticultural artistry.
The origins of the Old Botanical Garden of Göttingen University date back to 1736 when it was established by the Swiss naturalist Albrecht von Haller as a hortus medicus, a garden dedicated to the study of medicinal plants. Over the years, the garden expanded beyond the city walls, gradually evolving into a comprehensive botanical collection. By 1806, it boasted a tropical greenhouse, an orangery, and a cycad house, with additional structures like an Araceae greenhouse in 1830 and another orangery in 1857, which was later converted into a fern house in 1910.
Despite the destruction of its tropical plant collection during World War II, the garden underwent a remarkable post-war recovery, bolstered by a significant collection of Central European wild plants. In 1967, when the university's natural sciences faculty relocated to the northern part of the city, two new botanical gardens were established there, yet the Old Botanical Garden continued to thrive in its original location. One of the most recent transformations saw the systematic garden converted from a century-old taxonomic structure to a contemporary display of molecular genetics between 2003 and 2007.
Today, the Old Botanical Garden of Göttingen University houses an astonishing 17,500 accessions representing around 14,000 species, making it one of Germany's largest and most significant scientific plant collections. The garden's diverse collections include:
The garden is divided into several key exhibition areas, each offering a unique glimpse into the world of plants. The systematic garden, home to 1,200 species, showcases the evolutionary relationships between different plant families. The arboretum, with its diverse collection of trees and shrubs, provides a peaceful retreat for visitors. The pond area is a haven for aquatic plants and wildlife, while the rock garden features an array of alpine and rock-dwelling species.
The garden also boasts an impressive collection of useful and medicinal plants, as well as a fascinating assortment of weeds. The eight greenhouses are a highlight, housing an array of bromeliads, orchids, carnivorous plants, tropical rainforest flora, tropical aquatic plants, cycads, aroids, cacti, succulents, and ferns.
Beyond its botanical treasures, the Old Botanical Garden of Göttingen University is a sanctuary for a rich array of wildlife. Numerous areas of the garden have remained unchanged for over a century, creating a haven for insects, reptiles, and amphibians. The garden's tranquil environment and diverse habitats provide the perfect conditions for these creatures to thrive, making it a vital refuge for biodiversity in the heart of the city.
One of the garden's most intriguing features is the network of three tunnels that run beneath the city wall, connecting the interior and exterior sections of the garden. These tunnels, steeped in history, offer a unique passageway through time, linking the garden's past with its present.
The Old Botanical Garden of Göttingen University is not just a place of beauty and tranquility; it is also a living laboratory for scientific research and education. The garden's extensive collections and diverse habitats provide invaluable resources for botanists, ecologists, and students. From the study of plant taxonomy and genetics to conservation and environmental science, the garden plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of the natural world.
Open daily to the public, the Old Botanical Garden of Göttingen University welcomes visitors of all ages to explore its botanical wonders. Whether you're a seasoned botanist, a nature enthusiast, or simply looking for a peaceful escape from the hustle and bustle of city life, the garden offers something for everyone. Stroll through the lush greenery, marvel at the exotic plant collections, and immerse yourself in the rich history and natural beauty of this botanical gem.
In conclusion, the Old Botanical Garden of Göttingen University is a captivating destination that seamlessly blends history, science, and nature. Its diverse collections, serene landscapes, and rich heritage make it a must-visit attraction for anyone visiting Göttingen. As you wander through its verdant pathways, you'll discover a world of botanical wonders, each plant telling its own unique story, and you'll leave with a deeper appreciation for the intricate beauty and complexity of the natural world.
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