Lecce Cathedral

Lecce Cathedral, known locally as Duomo di Lecce, stands majestically in the heart of Lecce, Italy, in the picturesque Piazza del Duomo. This architectural masterpiece is a testament to the rich history and cultural heritage of the region, offering visitors a glimpse into the Baroque splendor that characterizes much of Lecce’s historic center.

The History of Lecce Cathedral

The origins of Lecce Cathedral date back to the 12th century when the first cathedral was constructed by Bishop Formoso Lubelli in 1144. This initial structure underwent significant transformations over the centuries. In 1230, Bishop Roberto Voltorico spearheaded a renovation that saw the cathedral rebuilt in the Romanesque style. However, it was in the mid-17th century that Lecce Cathedral received its most significant makeover. Under the directive of Bishop Luigi Pappacoda, the renowned architect Giuseppe Zimbalo, affectionately known as lo Zingarello, was commissioned to reconstruct the cathedral in the Baroque style. The foundation stone was laid on January 1, 1659, and the construction continued until the cathedral was solemnly consecrated in 1670.

Exploring the Exterior

The exterior of Lecce Cathedral is a study in contrasts and Baroque elegance. The cathedral boasts two facades, each with its unique charm. The main facade, located to the left of the Episcopio, is relatively simple in its decorative elements. It is adorned with statues of Saints Peter and Paul, Saint Gennaro, and Saint Louis of Toulouse, nestled in grand niches. The arrangement of fluted pilasters hints at the cathedral's three-nave structure.

The northern facade, however, is a different story altogether. It is a rich and exuberant display of Baroque artistry designed to create a dramatic entrance for those approaching the cathedral from the piazza. This facade is divided into five sections by fluted pilasters and columns. The first tier features a grand portal flanked by statues of Saints Justus and Fortunatus. Above this, an elaborate balustrade interspersed with columns and pilasters leads the eye to the central statue of Saint Orontius, towering above the facade.

The Bell Tower

The bell tower of Lecce Cathedral, an iconic feature of the skyline, was constructed between 1661 and 1682 by Giuseppe Zimbalo, replacing an earlier Norman tower that had collapsed. This five-tiered structure is crowned with an octagonal dome adorned with majolica tiles and a statue of Saint Orontius. The tower's height of 70 meters offers breathtaking views of the Adriatic Sea and, on clear days, even the distant mountains of Albania. Intriguingly, the tower has a slight lean to the left, a result of minor foundation subsidence.

Inside Lecce Cathedral

Stepping inside Lecce Cathedral is like entering a treasure trove of Baroque art and architecture. The interior, designed in the shape of a Latin cross, features three naves separated by pilasters with semi-columns. The central nave and transept are adorned with a wooden coffered ceiling, dating back to 1685, which houses paintings by Giuseppe da Brindisi depicting scenes such as the Preaching of Saint Orontius, Protection from the Plague, the Martyrdom of Saint Orontius, and the Last Supper.

The cathedral is home to twelve side altars, in addition to the main altar, each dedicated to different saints and religious events. Notable altars include those dedicated to Saint John the Baptist, the Nativity, the Martyrdom of Saint Justus, Saint Anthony of Padua, the Immaculate Virgin, Saint Philip Neri, the Crucifix and the Sacrament, Saint Orontius, Our Lady of Sorrows, Saint Justus, Saint Charles Borromeo, and Saint Andrew the Apostle. The main altar, crafted from marble and gilded bronze, was consecrated in 1757 and features paintings by Oronzo Tiso.

The Crypt

Beneath the cathedral lies a fascinating crypt dating back to the 12th century, which was modified in the 16th century with Baroque additions. This crypt features a longitudinal body with two Baroque chapels adorned with paintings and a long corridor supported by ninety-two columns with intricately decorated capitals. After being closed for decades, the crypt was reopened in 2017 following extensive restoration work, revealing intriguing archaeological discoveries, including a possible putridarium beneath it.

The Organs

Lecce Cathedral houses two magnificent pipe organs. The main organ, located on a wooden gallery in the counter-facade, was built in 1913 by Pacifico Inzoli and has undergone several restorations. It features 42 registers and 3,205 pipes, with a console offering two keyboards and a pedalboard. The second organ, a positive organ built by Saverio Anselmi Tamburini in 1989, is located in the left transept and has a mechanical transmission with seven registers.

In conclusion, Lecce Cathedral is not just a place of worship but a living museum of Baroque art and architecture. Its rich history, stunning facades, and opulent interior make it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the enchanting city of Lecce. Whether you're an art enthusiast, a history buff, or simply a curious traveler, Lecce Cathedral promises an unforgettable experience that will leave you in awe of its timeless beauty.