Fosse n° 3 - 3 bis des mines de Lens

Nestled in the heart of Liévin, France, the Fosse n° 3 - 3 bis des mines de Lens stands as a testament to the rich industrial heritage of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region. This former coal mining site, also known as Saint-Amé or Amé Tilloy, offers a fascinating glimpse into the history and evolution of the coal mining industry in this part of France. From its inception in the mid-19th century to its eventual closure and subsequent transformation, Fosse n° 3 - 3 bis is a captivating destination for history buffs and curious visitors alike.

The Birth of Fosse n° 3 - 3 bis

The story of Fosse n° 3 - 3 bis begins in 1858 when the Compagnie des mines de Lens initiated the construction of the mine. Located just 170 meters east of the church of Saint-Amé and 410 meters from the road connecting Liévin to Lens, the site was strategically chosen for its rich coal deposits. By 1860, the mine was operational, and coal extraction began in earnest. The initial shaft, known as Puits n° 3, reached a depth of 298 meters, tapping into coal seams that contained 30 to 40 percent volatile matter.

In 1881, a second shaft, Puits n° 3 bis, was added just 40 meters north of the original shaft. This new shaft was designed to improve ventilation for the mine, ensuring the safety and efficiency of the mining operations. With a depth of 356.52 meters, Puits n° 3 bis mirrored the depth of its predecessor and played a crucial role in the mine's overall functionality.

War and Reconstruction

The First World War brought significant challenges to Fosse n° 3 - 3 bis. Like many industrial sites in the region, the mine was heavily damaged during the conflict. However, the post-war period saw a remarkable reconstruction effort. The mine was rebuilt in the architectural style characteristic of the post-war Lens mines. Puits n° 3 was equipped with a reinforced concrete headframe, while Puits n° 3 bis received a metal headframe. These structures not only restored the mine's operational capabilities but also added a distinctive aesthetic element to the site.

In 1946, the Compagnie des mines de Lens was nationalized and integrated into the Groupe de Lens. This marked the beginning of a new era for Fosse n° 3 - 3 bis. Both shafts were deepened, with Puits n° 3 reaching 432 meters and Puits n° 3 bis extending to 535 meters. The mine continued to evolve, eventually merging with the Groupe de Liévin in 1952 to form the Groupe de Lens-Liévin.

The Tragedy and Closure

Despite its resilience and adaptability, Fosse n° 3 - 3 bis was not immune to tragedy. On December 27, 1974, an explosion in one of the extraction sites claimed the lives of 42 miners and injured five others. This devastating event cast a shadow over the mine and accelerated its decline. By 1978, the mine ceased all operations, and Puits n° 3 bis was filled in, marking the end of an era.

In the years that followed, the site underwent significant changes. The reinforced concrete headframe of Puits n° 3 was demolished in 1983, while the metal headframe of Puits n° 3 bis was preserved. This latter structure has since become an iconic symbol of the region's mining heritage.

Rebirth and Recognition

The transformation of Fosse n° 3 - 3 bis from an industrial powerhouse to a site of historical significance is a testament to the enduring legacy of the coal mining industry in Nord-Pas-de-Calais. In 1992, the metal headframe of Puits n° 3 bis was listed as a historic monument, ensuring its preservation for future generations. The site was further honored in 2012 when it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site, recognizing its importance as part of the region's industrial landscape.

Today, the former mine site has been repurposed into an industrial zone, breathing new life into the area while maintaining a connection to its storied past. Charbonnages de France has taken steps to mark the locations of the former shafts, and annual inspections by the BRGM ensure the site's ongoing safety and stability.

Exploring the Surrounding Area

Visitors to Fosse n° 3 - 3 bis can also explore the nearby mining towns, which were built to house the workers and their families. These towns, complete with schools, churches, and other amenities, offer a glimpse into the daily lives of the miners who once toiled underground. The Saint-Amé church, originally constructed in 1875 and rebuilt in 1935 after being destroyed during the war, is a notable landmark in the area.

For those interested in the broader history of coal mining in the region, the nearby mining museum provides a wealth of information and exhibits. Here, visitors can learn about the technological advancements, social changes, and economic impact of the coal mining industry in Nord-Pas-de-Calais.

In conclusion, Fosse n° 3 - 3 bis des mines de Lens is more than just a former coal mine; it is a symbol of resilience, adaptation, and the enduring spirit of the people of Liévin. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an industrial heritage aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, a visit to this remarkable site offers a unique and enriching experience that connects the past with the present.