Praça do Comércio, also known as Commerce Plaza, is one of Lisbon's most iconic and historically rich landmarks. Nestled along the banks of the Tagus River, this grand square is a testament to Portugal's rich maritime heritage and its resilience in the face of adversity. Spanning an impressive 30,600 square meters, it is not only one of the largest squares in Portugal but also a bustling hub of activity that draws locals and tourists alike.
The history of Praça do Comércio is as captivating as the square itself. In the early 16th century, King Manuel I initiated the urban development of the area by constructing the Ribeira Palace, a royal residence that stood proudly by the river. This area soon became the heart of Lisbon's maritime and commercial activities, with shipbuilding facilities, the Casa da Índia, and other administrative buildings springing up to regulate trade between Portugal and its colonies.
However, the great Lisbon earthquake of 1755 brought devastation to the city, including the Ribeira Palace. The earthquake, followed by a tsunami and fire, left much of Lisbon in ruins. In the aftermath, Prime Minister Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, the Marquis of Pombal, spearheaded a massive rebuilding effort. Under the guidance of Portuguese architect Eugénio dos Santos, the Praça do Comércio was redesigned into the grand, U-shaped plaza we see today, open towards the Tagus River.
The square was named Praça do Comércio to reflect its new role in Lisbon's economy. The symmetrical buildings surrounding the square housed government offices that regulated customs and port activities. The centerpiece of the square is the magnificent equestrian statue of King José I, inaugurated in 1775. Designed by Joaquim Machado de Castro, Portugal's foremost sculptor of the time, this bronze statue was the first monumental statue dedicated to a king in Lisbon.
One of the most striking features of Praça do Comércio is the triumphal Arco da Rua Augusta, which serves as a grand entrance to the square from the bustling Rua Augusta. This arch, designed by Veríssimo da Costa and completed in 1875, is adorned with statues representing Glory, Ingenuity, and Valor, as well as notable Portuguese figures such as Vasco da Gama and the Marquis of Pombal. The clock and intricate sculptures add to the arch's grandeur, making it a must-see for visitors.
As you explore the square, you'll notice the elegant arcades that run along the ground floors of the surrounding buildings. These arcades not only provide shelter from the sun but also house a variety of shops, cafes, and restaurants, offering a perfect spot to relax and soak in the vibrant atmosphere of the square. The western tower of the square, once home to the Navy and Colonies Ministries, now houses the Museum of Lisbon, offering visitors a glimpse into the city's rich history.
Praça do Comércio has been the backdrop for many significant events in Portuguese history. On February 1, 1908, the square witnessed the assassination of King Carlos I and his heir, Prince Luís Filipe, marking a pivotal moment in the lead-up to the establishment of the Portuguese Republic. The square's historical significance is further highlighted by its designation as a National Monument of Portugal in June 1910.
Today, Praça do Comércio continues to play a central role in Lisbon's civic life. It is the site of various cultural events, festivals, and celebrations. On June 10, Portugal Day, the square comes alive with military parades and festivities, drawing crowds of locals and tourists who come to celebrate the nation's heritage.
A visit to Praça do Comércio is not complete without taking a stroll along the grand marble staircase at the southern end of the square. These steps, dating back to before the 1755 earthquake, once led directly into the royal palace and now provide a picturesque spot to enjoy views of the Tagus River.
For those seeking a taste of history, a visit to Martinho da Arcada is a must. Established in 1782, this is the oldest café in the city and has been a favorite haunt of famous Portuguese writers and intellectuals over the years. Enjoy a cup of coffee or a traditional Portuguese pastry while soaking in the ambiance of this historic establishment.
Another highlight of the square is the Pousada Hotel, a monumental building that offers luxurious accommodations with stunning views of the square and the river. Staying here provides a unique opportunity to immerse yourself in the rich history and vibrant culture of Lisbon.
Praça do Comércio is not just a historical landmark; it is a vibrant hub of activity that reflects the dynamic spirit of Lisbon. The square's strategic location makes it a transportation nexus, with trams leading to the district of Belém and ferries crossing the Tagus River. The bustling atmosphere, combined with the stunning architecture and historical significance, makes Praça do Comércio an unmissable destination for anyone visiting Lisbon.
In conclusion, Praça do Comércio is a place where history, culture, and modern life converge. Its grand architecture, rich history, and vibrant atmosphere make it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the beautiful city of Lisbon. Whether you're a history enthusiast, a culture seeker, or simply looking to enjoy the lively ambiance, Praça do Comércio offers something for everyone. So, take a leisurely stroll through this magnificent square, soak in the views, and let the stories of the past transport you to a bygone era.
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