Chiesa dei Santi Pietro e Paolo

In the heart of the ancient city of Matera, Italy, lies the enchanting Chiesa dei Santi Pietro e Paolo, affectionately known as the Church of San Pietro Caveoso. This captivating site, with its roots dating back to the late 13th century, stands as a testament to the rich history and architectural splendor of the region. Nestled amidst the rugged landscape of Matera's Sassi, this church is a jewel that beckons visitors to explore its storied past and intricate beauty.

The History of Chiesa dei Santi Pietro e Paolo

The origins of the Chiesa dei Santi Pietro e Paolo can be traced back to 1218 when the original church was carved into the rocky hillside. This early version of the church was much smaller, with the surrounding piazza being significantly reduced in size compared to today. Over the centuries, the church underwent numerous modifications and expansions, evolving into the magnificent structure that stands today.

In the 17th century, the church underwent a significant transformation. The current facade was added, along with the construction of the bell tower. The interior was also expanded with the addition of lateral chapels, and the original wooden truss ceiling was replaced with a tuff roof. The church was reconsecrated in 1706, as indicated by a commemorative plaque, and further modifications were made, including the addition of a spire to the bell tower, stucco decorations, and a wooden false ceiling beneath the tuff roof.

Exploring the Exterior

The exterior of the Chiesa dei Santi Pietro e Paolo is a stunning example of Baroque architecture. The facade features three portals, each with a simple cornice on the upper part. Above each portal, there are semicircular niches containing statues. The central niche houses a statue of the Madonna del Confalone, while the niches above the right and left portals contain statues of Saint Paul the Apostle and Saint Peter the Apostle, respectively. The lateral niches are each topped with a rectangular window, while the central niche is flanked by two single-lancet windows with semicircular arches and crowned by a circular rose window.

To the left of the facade stands the bell tower, which is divided into three orders. Between the second and third orders, there is a balcony with a sculpted balustrade featuring geometric motifs. The bell tower is topped with a pyramidal spire that is narrower at the base than the tower itself, adding to its striking appearance.

The Intricate Interior

Stepping inside the Chiesa dei Santi Pietro e Paolo, visitors are greeted by the central nave, which is hidden beneath a wooden false ceiling adorned with paintings. These paintings depict scenes such as Christ entrusting the future of the Church to Saint Peter, the Madonna del Confalone, and the Conversion of Saint Paul. The medallions feature images of Saint John of Matera, Saint Donato, and angels, while the area above the main altar showcases the Coronation of the Virgin.

The church originally contained eight lateral chapels, four on each side. However, the chapels on the right side were destroyed to make way for the construction of an oratory and a passageway providing vehicular access to the Malve-Casalnuovo districts along the upper edge of the Gravina di Matera. The central nave culminates in a 17th-century altar dominated by a wooden polyptych dating back to around 1540. This masterpiece, created by an anonymous painter from Matera, depicts the Madonna and Child flanked by Saints Peter and Paul. The predella features a depiction of the Last Supper, while the upper section of the polyptych portrays the Eternal Father.

The Left-Side Chapels

Among the four chapels on the left side, the first is dedicated to the Virgin of Sorrows. It features a vaulted ceiling and faint traces of frescoes, likely from the 15th century. This chapel also houses a 17th-century canvas depicting the Pietà by the painter Alessandro Fracanzano, dating from the second or third decade of the century. The composition and style of this work are reminiscent of a similar subject by Palma il Giovane, now housed in the Episcopio of Monopoli.

The second chapel, currently dedicated to the Blessed Sacrament, reveals two groups of 17th-century frescoes by Martino Deghello beneath its 18th-century stucco coverings, which were uncovered during restoration work. The third chapel is dedicated to Saint Anthony and features an altar decorated with six tuff panels in bas-relief, dated 1531 and likely created by Altobello Persio. Flanking the altar are two 17th-century paintings depicting the Madonna of the Rosary and Saint Vincent Ferrer.

The final chapel on the left side currently houses a 13th-century baptismal font adorned with bas-reliefs, uncovered during restoration work that removed layers of stucco added over the centuries. This chapel also contains 17th-century frescoes of saints, including Saint Francis of Paola and Saint Dominic, as well as part of a 16th-century wooden bas-relief depicting God the Father blessing.

Notable Features

On the right side of the church, there are three niches containing statues of Saint Leonard, the Madonna del Confalone, and Saint John of Matera. These statues add to the rich tapestry of religious art and history that defines the Chiesa dei Santi Pietro e Paolo.

In conclusion, the Chiesa dei Santi Pietro e Paolo in Matera is not just a place of worship but a living testament to the city's enduring history and architectural evolution. Its blend of Baroque elements, intricate frescoes, and historical significance make it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the enchanting city of Matera. Whether you're a history enthusiast, an art lover, or simply seeking a moment of reflection, this church offers a captivating glimpse into the past and a serene sanctuary in the present.