The Palacio de la Legislatura de Salta, known locally as Edificio de la Legislatura de Salta, stands as a beacon of architectural elegance and historical significance in the heart of Salta, Argentina. Situated just across from Plaza Güemes and a mere 400 meters from the central plaza, this iconic building serves as the seat of the legislative power for the province of Salta, housing both the chambers of deputies and senators. Its grandeur and intricate design have made it a must-visit destination for tourists and history enthusiasts alike.
The story of the Palacio de la Legislatura de Salta begins in 1889 during the governorship of Martín Gabriel Güemes. The need for a new legislative building arose after the Cabildo de Salta was sold to private owners. The initial funding for its construction came from the sale of the cabildo and a national government loan of 30,000 m$n. The building's design was crafted by the topographic department under the leadership of Miguel Aráoz.
Construction commenced under the Swiss-Italian architect Francisco Righetti, who also oversaw the construction of Salta's San Francisco Church and La Viña Church. However, in 1893, Righetti's contract was terminated, and Vicente Arquetti was appointed to continue the project. By January 1900, the initial funds had been depleted. Fortunately, the project received a financial boost from the estate of Juliana Castillo de Caballero, an aristocrat from Salta, allowing construction to proceed. The building was finally completed in 1902 under the direction of Fernando Solá, the head of the topographic department at the time.
The Palacio de la Legislatura de Salta is a testament to Italianate academicist architecture, a style characterized by its intricate detailing and classical proportions. The building's façade is adorned with white moldings against a pastel orange backdrop, creating a striking visual contrast. Each of the three main balcony arches features friezes symbolizing science, labor, and justice. Notably, the emblem of justice depicts a woman without a blindfold, with the scales of justice tilted to one side, reflecting the anarchist ideologies of the workers who built it.
The building's nickname, Casa de los Leones (House of the Lions), is derived from the two metal gargoyles flanking the main entrance. These sculptures, along with others scattered throughout the building, were imported from France, adding a touch of European elegance. In total, the building boasts 22 lion sculptures, some of which are winged. The façade is further embellished with prismatic and cylindrical pillars, floral motifs, human faces, and the emblem of Salta.
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Inside, the Palacio de la Legislatura de Salta is just as captivating. The building houses various offices and the Legislative Library, which holds an impressive collection of over 20,000 books and numerous archives. This library serves as a vital resource for researchers and historians delving into the rich legislative history of Salta.
The interior layout, designed by Joaquín Guasch in 1891, showcases a harmonious blend of functionality and aesthetics. The ground floor features 28 windows, while the first floor boasts 33 windows and 12 balconies, nine of which are of uniform size. The balconies offer a splendid view of the surrounding cityscape, making them a favorite spot for visitors seeking a moment of reflection.
The Palacio de la Legislatura de Salta is more than just a legislative building; it is a symbol of the province's rich cultural heritage and historical journey. Its walls have witnessed countless debates and decisions that have shaped the region's future. For locals, it is a source of pride, while for visitors, it offers a glimpse into the political and architectural history of Salta.
After exploring the Palacio de la Legislatura de Salta, visitors can take a leisurely stroll across Plaza Güemes, a serene park that offers a perfect spot for relaxation and people-watching. The central plaza, just a short walk away, is bustling with activity and features an array of shops, cafés, and historical landmarks, providing a comprehensive Salta experience.
In conclusion, the Palacio de la Legislatura de Salta stands as a magnificent example of architectural beauty and historical significance. Its rich history, intricate design, and central location make it an essential stop for anyone visiting Salta. Whether you're a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or simply a curious traveler, this iconic building promises a captivating journey through time and culture.
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