Castell cartoixa de Vallparadís

The Castell Cartoixa de Vallparadís, originally known as Castillo Cartuja de Vallparadís, is an enchanting historical gem nestled in the heart of Terrassa, Spain. This ancient fortress, which has been transformed over centuries, offers visitors a captivating glimpse into the region's rich history and architectural evolution.

The History of Castell Cartoixa de Vallparadís

The origins of the Castell Cartoixa de Vallparadís date back to the 12th century. The first recorded mention of a fortification near the Vallparadís stream appears in a document from 1110, when Berenguer de Sala and his wife Ermessendis purchased a large estate in Égara (now Terrassa) from the Count of Barcelona, Raimond-Bérenger III. They constructed a castellum, or fortress, on this land.

In 1344, Blanca de Centellas, the daughter of Bernat de Centellas and Saurina de Terrassa, donated the castle of Vallparadís to the Carthusian monks of Scala Dei and Saint-Paul-de-la-Mer, with the intent of founding a new monastic community. The foundation was established the following year, and the monastery was named Saint-Jacques de Valparaiso. Despite the royal privileges granted to them, the monks faced significant challenges due to the fortress's unsuitability for monastic life.

In 1415, a papal bull issued by Benedict XIII authorized the relocation of the community to a more appropriate site. The prior of Valparaiso, Dominique de Bonnefoy, acquired the former convent of the Augustinian canonesses, Notre-Dame de Montalegre, from the Hospital of the Holy Cross of Barcelona. The community moved to Montalegre in 1415 and later merged with the community of Saint-Paul-de-la-Mer in 1433. The original monastery of Valparaiso was sold to the Carmelites of the Hospital of the Holy Cross, who briefly established a convent there before selling it to Jofre de Sentmenat in 1432.

The Sentmenat family retained ownership of the Vallparadís estate until 1830, when the territory was incorporated into the municipality of Terrassa. The old castle, which had been converted into a large farmhouse, was purchased by the Maurí family in 1852. In 1944, the Castell Cartoixa de Vallparadís was declared a national cultural heritage site. The Maurí family donated the property to the municipal council in 1947, and after extensive restoration and reconstruction led by architect Alexandre Ferrant, the castle was inaugurated as a museum dedicated to the history of Terrassa in 1959.

Architectural Marvels of Castell Cartoixa de Vallparadís

The Castell Cartoixa de Vallparadís, as it stands today, retains elements of the original 12th-century structure. The castle is surrounded by a moat and features a large central tower. Its rectangular plan is fortified with crenellated walls and four square corner towers, along with three semi-circular towers positioned at the center of the north, south, and east sides. The architectural modifications made to adapt the fortress into a Carthusian monastery are still evident.

One of the most striking features of the castle is the two-story cloister. The lower level showcases irregular openings, while the upper level is more uniform, with pointed arches and undecorated geometric capitals. The former chapter house, now covered by a cross-vaulted ceiling, and the old monastery church, known today as the Tinellet, with its flat roof supported by four pointed diaphragm arches, are also noteworthy.

Exploring Castell Cartoixa de Vallparadís

Visitors to the Castell Cartoixa de Vallparadís are in for a treat as they explore the various facets of this historical monument. The castle's exterior, with its robust stone walls and towers, evokes a sense of medieval grandeur. As you step inside, the cloister's serene ambiance offers a stark contrast to the fortress-like exterior, providing a glimpse into the monastic life that once thrived here.

The museum housed within the castle offers a comprehensive overview of Terrassa's history, from its ancient origins to modern times. Exhibits include archaeological finds, historical artifacts, and detailed displays that narrate the city's evolution. The museum's collection is a testament to the rich cultural heritage of Terrassa and the surrounding region.

One of the highlights of a visit to the Castell Cartoixa de Vallparadís is the opportunity to walk along the castle walls and enjoy panoramic views of Terrassa. The vantage points from the towers offer stunning vistas of the city and the lush greenery of the Vallparadís Park, providing a perfect backdrop for memorable photographs.

Conclusion

The Castell Cartoixa de Vallparadís is more than just a historical monument; it is a symbol of the enduring legacy of Terrassa's past. Its walls tell stories of medieval fortifications, monastic life, and the transformation of a fortress into a cultural landmark. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, a visit to the Castell Cartoixa de Vallparadís promises an enriching and unforgettable experience.