Gustavianum

Gustavianum, Uppsala University's oldest preserved building, stands as a testament to centuries of educational and architectural history. Situated opposite the grand Uppsala Cathedral, this landmark is nestled at the intersection of Biskopsgatan and Domkyrkoplan in the historic district of Fjärdingen. Today, Gustavianum houses Uppsala University's museum, offering visitors a glimpse into the rich academic heritage of one of Sweden's most prestigious institutions.

The History of Gustavianum

The roots of Gustavianum stretch back to 1622 when construction began under the guidance of architect Caspar van Panten. The building was commissioned to accommodate the growing needs of the university, which had outgrown its previous location, Academia Carolina. Named after King Gustavus Adolphus, who played a crucial role in its establishment, Gustavianum was designed to include lecture halls, a printing house, student dining facilities, and residential rooms. Over time, a library was also added, enhancing the building's role as a center of learning.

Interestingly, Gustavianum incorporates medieval masonry from the Archbishop's Palace, which previously occupied the site. This blend of old and new structures adds a unique historical depth to the building. During the great fire of Uppsala in 1702, efforts to save the city were reportedly directed from the roof of Gustavianum by Olof Rudbeck the Elder, a notable figure in Swedish science and medicine.

After the demolition of Academia Carolina in 1778, Gustavianum became the main building of Uppsala University until the completion of the new university building in 1887. The library was transferred to the Carolina Rediviva in the mid-19th century. Gustavianum was declared a historical monument in 1935, preserving its legacy for future generations.

In the 1990s, Gustavianum was still in use by the departments of archaeology, classical studies, and Egyptology. It was transformed into a university museum in 1997 and officially inaugurated by King Carl XVI Gustaf. After a period of closure for repairs, the museum reopened on June 24, 2024, with renewed vigor and expanded exhibits.

The Anatomical Theatre

One of the most distinctive features of Gustavianum is the Anatomical Theatre, also known as Theatrum Anatomicum. Constructed between 1662 and 1663 by Olof Rudbeck the Elder, this dome-shaped structure atop the building was designed specifically for anatomical dissections. The theatre's innovative design, inspired by classical Greek amphitheatres, allowed for maximum visibility and light, crucial for the detailed work of dissections.

The theatre could accommodate 200 standing spectators, who would gather to witness dissections and medical demonstrations. This unique venue was not the first of its kind in Europe, but it was considered one of the finest for many years. Today, the Anatomical Theatre remains a significant historical site, occasionally hosting concerts, lectures, and other events.

Exploring the University Museum

The Gustavianum museum boasts six permanent exhibitions that showcase a diverse array of artifacts and collections amassed by the university since its founding in 1477. Among these is the Anatomical Theatre itself, a remarkable relic of medical history.

The Art Collection is another highlight, featuring the Augsburg Art Cabinet, a 17th-century cabinet of curiosities containing around 1,000 different objects. This collection offers a fascinating glimpse into the eclectic tastes and interests of the early modern period.

The Mediterranean and Nile Valley exhibit, primarily composed of artifacts from the Victoria Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, transports visitors to ancient civilizations with its impressive collection of relics and artifacts.

Numismatists will be delighted by the Coin Cabinet, which houses a vast array of coins and medals from Uppsala University's collection, providing insights into the economic history of different eras.

The University and Science History exhibit includes Uppsala University's privileges, lecture notes from the university's first term in 1477, and various items from the travels of Linnaeus's disciples. This exhibit offers a comprehensive look at the academic and scientific achievements of the university over the centuries.

Lastly, the Dawn of the Viking Age exhibit features artifacts from the boat burial field in Valsgärde, located about 7 km north of Uppsala. These items, dating from the 5th to the 11th centuries, shed light on the rich cultural and historical heritage of the Viking era.

Gustavianum is more than just a museum; it is a window into the past, offering visitors an opportunity to explore the rich tapestry of Uppsala University's history. Whether you're a history enthusiast, a lover of architecture, or simply curious about the academic legacy of one of Sweden's oldest universities, Gustavianum promises a captivating and enlightening experience.