Oud Herlaer

Oud Herlaer, known locally as Oud-Herlaar, is a captivating historical site nestled on the right bank of the Dommel River, just east of Vught in the Netherlands. This enchanting location, with its rich history and serene surroundings, offers a glimpse into the past and a tranquil escape for those looking to explore the Dutch countryside.

The Strategic Location of Oud Herlaer

Oud Herlaer’s strategic position on the Dommel River played a crucial role in its historical significance. In medieval times, the Dommel and its tributaries were the primary routes for transporting bulky goods from north to south. The river also served as a natural barrier for east-west travel, making bridges and crossings highly valuable. Despite its proximity to Maurick Castle in Vught, Oud Herlaer belonged to the municipality of Sint-Michielsgestel, highlighting the Dommel's role as a boundary.

Origins: The Motte and Bailey Castle

Oud Herlaer’s origins date back to the 11th century when it began as a motte-and-bailey castle. Perched on a natural sand ridge, the site was artificially heightened, creating a formidable defensive structure. The castle featured a round or polygonal wall and a moat, refreshed by two small canals connected to the Dommel. This early fortification, with its strategic design, set the stage for the site’s historical significance.

The Medieval Castle

The first written reference to Oud Herlaer Castle dates back to 1315. By the 17th century, the castle had evolved into a quintessential medieval fortress with heavy towers and thick walls. The northeast corner housed a gate building with overhanging towers, while the east side featured the characteristic ring wall. The southeast wing, complete with a basement, ground floor, first floor, and attic, showcased the castle’s architectural complexity. The Dievetoren, a tower on the southwest corner, added to the castle’s imposing presence.

Throughout the centuries, Oud Herlaer underwent various modifications. The original ring wall, likely from the 13th century, was complemented by later additions such as overhanging towers and the Dievetoren. These changes, along with 16th-century modifications, culminated in the castle’s 18th-century appearance, a testament to its enduring legacy.

Transition to a Farm

Following the castle’s demolition in 1737, the site transitioned into a farm by 1764. The ruins of the castle were repurposed, with medieval wall fragments incorporated into the new farm structures. By the 19th century, the farm had become a summer residence for a baron, though a fire in 1850 led to its reconstruction. The current farm, known as Out Herlaer (with a 't'), is believed to date from the latter half of the 19th century, though its exact origins remain uncertain.

Modern Redevelopment

In 2015, Groen Ontwikkelfonds Brabant acquired the farm to preserve the natural network and ecological connection zones in the area. This initiative led to the demolition of modern stables and the restoration of the old castle moat in 2017. The nature preservation organization Brabants Landschap, with a plan to combine nature, art, and history, won the tender for the site’s redevelopment.

The vision for Oud Herlaer includes transforming it into a work and exhibition space for artists. The original structure of the castle, including the outer bailey and orchard, will be restored, with archaeological remains potentially made visible. Eco-art objects will adorn the terrain, enhancing the natural beauty of the site. The surrounding Dommel River’s natural bed will be restored, creating a harmonious blend of history and nature. Recreational facilities in the wider area will be upgraded, and car traffic will be discouraged to maintain the site’s tranquility.

A Glimpse into the Past: The Van Herlaer Family

Oud Herlaer was the center of the Lordship Herlaer, held free of feudal obligations by the Van Herlaer family. The Lords of Herlaer, stewards of ecclesial territory, acquired significant land in the vicinity. The family’s connection to the estate is evident from the mid-12th century, with the title 'Lord of Herlaer' appearing in 1173. The Van Herlaers’ influence extended to Ameide, a loan from the Bishop of Utrecht, where they eventually moved their seat. The estate changed hands in 1306 when the eldest sister of the Lord of Ameide inherited Oud Herlaer, passing it to her husband Gerard van Loon, who sold it in 1315.

Conclusion

Oud Herlaer is more than just a historical site; it’s a testament to the rich tapestry of Dutch history. From its origins as a motte-and-bailey castle to its transformation into a farm and its modern redevelopment, Oud Herlaer offers a unique blend of history, nature, and art. Visitors can immerse themselves in the past, explore the serene surroundings, and witness the harmonious coexistence of history and nature. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, an art lover, or simply seeking a peaceful retreat, Oud Herlaer promises an unforgettable experience.