Burg Wiener Neustadt

Burg Wiener Neustadt, nestled in the heart of Wiener Neustadt, Austria, is a magnificent fortress brimming with history and architectural splendor. Known locally as Burg in Wiener Neustadt, this castle dates back to the 12th century and has served various roles throughout its storied past, from a defensive stronghold to a royal residence, and now as the home of the Theresian Military Academy.

The History of Burg Wiener Neustadt

Burg Wiener Neustadt's origins can be traced back to the late 12th century when it was constructed as a fortified structure to protect the region from external threats, particularly from the Hungarian Kingdom. The necessary funds for its construction were procured from the ransom paid for the release of Richard the Lionheart by Duke Leopold V. The town of Wiener Neustadt itself was founded around the same time, with the name Nova Civitas or New City reflecting its purpose.

During the 13th century, under the rule of Duke Frederick II, a citadel with four towers was erected at the southeastern corner of the town. The first documented mention of this fortification dates back to 1260. However, the original castle suffered significant damage due to earthquakes in 1348 and 1356, leading to its reconstruction by Leopold III of Habsburg in 1379.

The 15th century marked the golden age of Burg Wiener Neustadt. It became the residence of Emperor Frederick III, who ruled from this castle for many decades. During his reign, the St. George's Cathedral and the iconic Wappenwand (Coat of Arms Wall) were constructed. The castle, with its four corner towers, largely resembled its current appearance. The inscription A.E.I.O.U., a personal symbol of Frederick III, can still be found at various locations within the castle.

From Royal Residence to Military Academy

Under Emperor Maximilian I, the castle lost its status as a permanent residence but gained a unique hermitage for the emperor. Maximilian I was buried in the St. George's Chapel within the castle in 1519. The castle continued to play a significant role in Austrian history, serving as a refuge for Archduke Ferdinand during the Protestant uprisings and as a state prison for notable figures such as Franz Rákóczi and Count Peter Zrin.

In 1529, the castle suffered extensive damage during the Turkish siege, and it was further ravaged by fires in 1608 and 1616. By the mid-18th century, the castle had fallen into disrepair. However, in 1751, Empress Maria Theresa repurposed the castle as a noble cadet academy, the Theresian Military Academy. Extensive renovations were carried out to accommodate up to 200 officer cadets, and the academy officially opened its doors on November 11, 1752.

The castle endured further damage from an earthquake in 1768 and was subsequently rebuilt by architect Nikolaus Pacassi. The reconstruction included the removal of three of the four towers, the creation of new imperial rooms, a grand staircase, and a magnificent west portal. The castle remained largely unchanged until the end of World War II when it was heavily damaged by bombings, fires, and looting. The restoration work from 1946 to 1959 faithfully preserved the castle's historical form while modernizing its interior to meet contemporary needs. The Theresian Military Academy resumed operations in 1958.

Exploring Burg Wiener Neustadt

Today, Burg Wiener Neustadt stands as a testament to Austria's rich military and royal heritage. Visitors can explore the castle grounds, including the impressive St. George's Cathedral, a late Gothic three-nave hall church built between 1440 and 1460. The cathedral, originally named the Chapel of Mary, was renamed by Frederick III as the Church of St. George and became the seat of the Order of St. George. Emperor Maximilian I is entombed beneath the high altar.

The castle's exhibition, created in 2019 to celebrate its partnership with the Lower Austrian Provincial Exhibition, offers a fascinating journey through history. The tour begins in the castle courtyard with a view of the Wappenwand and continues into St. George's Cathedral. It traces the life of Maximilian I, highlighting his transformation from the last knight to the first gunner and his role as a medieval social media star. The exhibition also delves into the history of the Theresian Military Academy, showcasing the traditions and training of officer cadets from 1752 to the present day.

The Academy Park and Beyond

The castle is surrounded by the Academy Park, a vast 186-hectare area that was originally a swampy region drained by Frederick III. The park, accessible to the public since the reign of Maria Theresa, was later transformed into an English-style garden. At the edge of the park lies the cemetery of the Theresian Military Academy, a serene and historical resting place.

A notable feature within the park is the stone obelisk on Rosenhügel. Erected at the intersection of Fohlenhof-Allee and Große Querallee, this marble obelisk marks the location where Archduchess Maria Theresa is said to have become engaged to Francis of Lorraine in 1735. The obelisk also commemorates the visits of emperors to the academy between 1769 and 1918.

A Living Monument

Burg Wiener Neustadt is not just a historical relic; it is a living monument that continues to play a vital role in Austria's military education. Its walls echo with tales of emperors, knights, and cadets, offering visitors a unique glimpse into the past while still serving a practical purpose in the present. Whether you're a history enthusiast or simply curious, a visit to Burg Wiener Neustadt promises to be an unforgettable experience.