Neukloster Monastery

Neukloster Monastery, known locally as Stift Neukloster, is a hidden gem nestled in the charming town of Wiener Neustadt, Austria. This historical site, with its rich heritage and serene ambiance, offers a unique glimpse into the monastic life and architectural splendor of the medieval period. Established by King Frederick III in 1444, the monastery has a storied past that spans centuries, making it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and casual tourists alike.

The Origins of Neukloster Monastery

The foundation of Neukloster Monastery is steeped in royal ambition and religious devotion. King Frederick III, who later became Emperor Frederick III, was the driving force behind its establishment. Unlike typical Cistercian monasteries that were often built in remote areas, Neukloster was founded adjacent to the king's residence in Wiener Neustadt. This strategic location was chosen to ensure the king's spiritual needs were met while also serving as a symbol of his piety and power.

The initial community of monks came from Rein Abbey, and the first abbot was a monk named Gottfried von Otterstätt from Maulbronn. The monastery was aptly named Neukloster, or New Monastery, reflecting its fresh beginning and its connection to the original Cistercian motherhouse in Cîteaux, France.

A Royal Resting Place

One of the most notable aspects of Neukloster Monastery is its role as a royal burial site. In 1467, Eleonore Helena of Portugal, the wife of Emperor Frederick III, was interred in the apse of the monastery church. Her tombstone, attributed to the renowned sculptor Niclas van Leyden, is a masterpiece of medieval art. The graves of three of the emperor's children are also located here, adding to the site's historical significance.

Although Frederick III himself was ultimately buried in St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna, his connection to Neukloster is evident in the numerous imperial coats of arms and his monogram that adorn the church's nave.

A Center for Pastoral Care

Neukloster Monastery was unique among Cistercian institutions for its early involvement in pastoral care. Unlike other monasteries of the order, which typically restricted access to laypeople and women, Neukloster was granted special permission to allow women to attend Mass in the church. This exception, documented in a 1457 decree, highlights the monastery's role in serving the spiritual needs of the local community.

Architectural and Artistic Treasures

The monastery's architecture and art are a testament to its historical and cultural importance. The Gothic Marienaltar, donated by Frederick III in 1447, was later moved to St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna. The high altar painting, depicting the Assumption of Mary, was created by Anton Schoonjans, a descendant and student of the famous painter Rubens. Other notable artworks include paintings by Martino Altomonte, Michelangelo Unterberger, Francesco Solimena, and Paul Troger, which adorn the side altars in the church.

The Loretokapelle, built in 1647 and demolished in 1895, was a significant addition to the monastery. Funded by Matthias Wägelle on Khielmanßegg, the chapel was designed to replicate the Holy House of Loreto in Italy. Although the chapel no longer stands, many of its tombstones were relocated to the monastery church, preserving its historical legacy.

The Monastic Library

The library at Neukloster Monastery is a treasure trove of historical knowledge. Its origins date back to the monastery's founding, with the initial collection comprising 60 books and 7 psalters. The library saw significant expansion under Abbot Joseph Stübicher in the mid-18th century, who acquired collections from prominent figures such as Bishop Ferdinand Graf von Hallweil and Johann Wilhelm Graf von Wurmbrand-Stuppach. Today, the library boasts over 9,000 volumes, with a focus on historical and theological works. The baroque library hall, adorned with frescoes by Johann Baptist Wenzel Bergl, is a highlight of any visit.

The Kunst- und Wunderkammer

Neukloster Monastery's Kunst- und Wunderkammer, or Art and Wonder Chamber, is a fascinating collection of artifacts from around the world. Curated by the monastery's Hofmeister, P. Bernhard Sommer, in the 18th century, the collection includes everything from heraldic documents to minerals and portraits. The museum, which was opened to the public in the early 19th century, showcases around 4,700 objects, offering a glimpse into the monastery's rich cultural heritage.

The Modern Era and Union with Heiligenkreuz Abbey

Despite its historical significance, Neukloster Monastery faced financial difficulties for much of its existence. In 1881, it was merged with the nearby Heiligenkreuz Abbey, with the Neukloster becoming a priory under the larger abbey's administration. This union ensured the preservation of the monastery's buildings and collections, allowing future generations to appreciate its historical and cultural legacy.

Today, Neukloster Monastery stands as a testament to the enduring spirit of the Cistercian order and the rich history of Wiener Neustadt. Its tranquil courtyards, stunning architecture, and priceless art and artifacts make it a captivating destination for anyone interested in Austria's medieval past.